Capital Structure Effect on Performance in Renewable Energy

Capital Structure Effect on Performance in Renewable Energy Sarah Sophia Hamdi â€Å"Capital Structure Effects on Firm Performance in the Renewable Energy Sector: Evidence from Germany† 1. Clarification of your thesis subject (around 800 words) Generally speaking inspiration and goals: The Kyoto Protocol initiated a developing number of nations to build up focuses for sustainable power source supplies to lessen ozone depleting substance emanations just as to expand vitality security. These objectives are either communicated as far as introduced limit or as a level of vitality utilization. These objectives have filled in as significant impetuses for expanding the portion of sustainable power source all through the world. Because of the developing portion of vitality produced from inexhaustible sources, for example, wind, water and biomass Germany’s vitality flexibly is turning out to be â€Å"greener† from year to year. As appeared in chart 1 out of 2014 renewables as of now represented 25.8 percent of the gross force creation in Germany. On 1 April 2000 the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) went into power and lead to a monstrous increment of the sustainable power source creation in the power area, from under 40 to more than 140 billion of kilowatt for every hours (see chart 2). Chart 1: Gross force creation in Germany in 2014 Source: AG Energiebilanzen, as of: December 2014 Chart 2: Gross power age in billions of kilowatt-hours Source: BMWi dependent on Working Group on Renewable Energies Statistics (AGEE-Stat, August 2014; Preliminary figures) The German government needs to additionally extend this offer continuously 2025, the point is to deliver 40 to 45 percent of power from sustainable sources and 55 to 60 percent constantly 2035. These numbers show that sustainable power source organizations progressively need to contend effectively against existing organizations producing vitality through other force sources, for example, oil, atomic and hard coal vitality and so on. As interests in sustainable power source plants develop, so do the dangers intrinsic in possessing, building and working such plants. Barring obligation, business chance is the essential danger of firms tasks and one of the components that impact a companys capital-structure dynamic. The degree of business chance is formed by the companies’ choices as well as by whats happening to the business and the economy. The sustainable power source industry is affected by various part explicit dangers, for example, building and testing hazard, business, ecological, budgetary, showcase, operational, political/administrative and climate related volume chance. In such an unsafe industry, what in any case would be a suitable and safe measure of obligation turns out to be increasingly hazardous and insecure, so that typically value financing is more secure than through obligation. Anyway firms that are in the development phase of their cycle regularly account that procedure through obligatio n and acquire cash to empower their development. The contention that emerges with this technique is that the incomes of development firms are ordinarily shaky and dubious. Implying that a high obligation load is normally not fitting because of the risk of budgetary shames. Subsequently as organizations extend their interests in sustainable power source ventures, subsidizing is a specific test and inquiries regarding firms’ capital structure choices are not effortlessly replied. Hypothetical foundation: In the course of the most recent couple of decades much examination has been done on whether a connection between capital structure and an organizations money related execution exists. Now I might want to incorporate a point by point writing audit. Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller shaped with their hypothesis the establishment for current deduction on capital structure. They built up the Capital Structure Irrelevance Proposition where they theorized that in flawless markets the capital structure of a firm doesn't impact its presentation. In any case the hypothesis is for the most part seen as an exceptionally hypothetical theory, since it dismisses significant factors, for example, exchange expenses and vulnerability, it was frequently utilized as the reason for additional exploration in the most recent decades. The hierarchy hypothesis, the office hypothesis and the exchange off hypothesis are the three primary speculations talking about the ideal capital structure of a firm. Every one of them follow various methodologies which I will sum up and appear differently in relation to one another. The various hypotheses and discoveries bring up key issues, for example, regardless of whether it is conceivable to distinguish an ideal capital structure for firms working in the significant and future-situated industry of sustainable power sources. Examination investigation and procedure: Following to the presentation of the key hypotheses and the writing survey on this theme I might want to complete my own quantitative investigation and run a relapse examination with money related information of 20 organizations working in the sustainable power source area, including wind, sun powered, bio and water vitality in Germany. Because of the way that non-recorded firms are not required to unveil their monetary records my information will be picked up from recorded organizations that are committed to share the applicable data. I might want to look at whether there exists a connection between the actualized capital structure and the organizations execution estimated in kind on value and offer cost. Conditions: (1) (2) Where: return on value for firm I in year t. : cost of an offer for firm I at year t. : budgetary influence for firm I at year t .: unmistakable resources for firm I at year t. : size of the firm I at year t. : development of the firm I at year t. Substantial resources, size and development fill in as control factors though money related influence of the firm is considered as the primary variable to communicate the capital structure. My point is to have the option to coordinate one of the three speculations and to distinguish an ideal capital structure for sustainable power source firms. So as to decipher the discoveries of the quantitative examination I might likewise want to incorporate a reciprocal subjective exploration investigation for instance through directors’ proclamations on their financing choices. 2. Rundown of References (no base number required, yet as worthy by your chief) Agnihotri, A. (2014): Impact of Strategy Capital Structure on Firms generally speaking Financial Performance, Strategic Change, Vol. 23, No. 1-2, pp. 15-20. Ben Ayed, W. H., and Zouari, S. G. (2014): Capital Structure and Financing of SMEs: The Tunisian Case. Universal Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 96-111. Bouraoui, T., and Li, T. (2014): The Impact of Adjustment in Capital Structure in Mergers Acquisitions on us Acquirers’ Business Performance. The Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 27-41. Financial expert Intelligence Unit (2011): Managing the hazard in sustainable power source. A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit Sponsored by Swiss Re. record://C:/Users/Sarah/Downloads/Managing-The-Risk-In-Renewable-Energy.pdf Gill, A. what's more, Biger, N. what's more, Mathur, N. (2011): The Effect of Capital Structure on Profitability: Evidence from the United States. Global Journal of Management, Vol. 28, No.4, pp. 3-. Green, J. (2010): Renewable vitality ventures: Risk and protection components. Specialized element †Construction Engineering, www.meinsurancereview.com, pp. 41-42. Hatfield, G. B. what's more, Louis, T. W. furthermore, Davidson, W. N. (1994): The assurance of ideal capital structure: The impact of firm and industry obligation proportions on advertise esteem. Diary of Financial and Strategic Decisions, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 1-14. Holz, C. A. (2002): The Impact of the Liability-Asset Ratio on Profitability in Chinas Industrial State-Owned Enterprises. China Economic Review, Vol. 13, pp. 1-26. Majumdar, S. K. what's more, Chhibber, P. (1999): Capital Structure and Performance: Evidence from a Transition Economy on an Aspect of Corporate Governance. Open Choice, Vol. 98, pp. 287-305. Margaritis, D., and Psillaki, M. (2007): Capital structure and firm productivity, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol. 34, No. 9, pp. 1447-1469. Modigliani, F. what's more, Miller, M. (1958): The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and The Theory of Investment, The American Economic Review, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 261-97. Modigliani, F. what's more, Miller, M. (1963): Corporate Income Taxes and the Cost of Capital: a Correction. The American Economic Review, Vol. 53, pp. 443-53. Myers, S. (1984): Capital structure puzzle, The Journal of Finance, Vol. 39, Issue 3, pp. 574â€592. Omondi, M. M., and Muturi, W. (2013): Factors Affecting the Financial Performance of Listed Companies at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. Exploration Journal of Finance and Accounting, Vol. 4, No. 15, pp. 99-105. Onaolapo, A. also, Kajola,O. (2010): Capital Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Nigeria. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 25, pp. 70-82. Pathirawasam, C. (2013): Internal Factors which Determine Financial Performance of firms: With Special Reference to Ownership Concentration. pp. 62-72. Rajan, R. G., and Zingales, L. (1995): What Do We Know about Capital Structure? Some Evidence from International Data. The Journal of Finance, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 1421â€1460. Shyam-Sunder, L. also, Myers, C. (1999): Testing static exchange off against hierarchy models of capital structure. Diary of Financial Economics, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 219â€244. Soumadi, M. also, Hayajneh, O. (2012): Capital structure and corporate execution, Empirical examination on the open Jordanian shareholding firms recorded in the Amman financial exchange. European Scientific Journal, Vol. 8, No. 22, pp. 173-189. Stiglitz, J. E. (1969): A Re-Examination of the Modigliani-Miller Theorem. American Economic Review, Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 784-794. Tailab, M. M. K. (2014): The Effect of Capital Structure on Profitability of Energy American Firms. Diary of Business and Management Invention, Vol. 3, No. 12, pp. 54-61. Titman, S. (1988): The Determinants of Capital Structure Choice. The Journal of Finance, Vol.

International Organization Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Global Organization Behavior - Essay Example Correspondence, which has been variedly characterized by creators, is the scattering of data, discussion between individuals or passing and accepting data between different individuals or gatherings. Culture and correspondence are firmly related in that culture decides the sort of correspondence among individuals. Hierarchical culture additionally decides the sort of correspondence utilized inside the association by the administration and representatives. Hierarchical conduct identifies with the emotions and worries of representatives in the association. This can be characterized by their social qualities, mentalities, convictions, customs and way of life. The board, as per universal association conduct, ought to consider the perspectives and points of view of representatives in each choice made (McGregor 2005, p. 50). This will guarantee correspondence is successful and the expected data is constantly scattered. Culture interceded comprehension and recognition. It is likewise obviou s that correspondence which is one way blocks learning and information securing. In this manner the job of culture and correspondence is extremely indispensable in the association. This is the reason culture is a significant perspective in an association. Obliging social decent variety will likewise guarantee that the connection among representatives and the administration is ideal towards accomplishing the significant objectives of the association. This paper hence looks to examine the job of culture and correspondence. ... Viable correspondence is additionally evolved after some time. This empower the individuals associated with associations to share their encounters at work and even work as a group. This is additionally significant in that correspondence encourages accomplishment of hierarchical objectives, client relations, and advances input both from workers to the administration and from clients to the association. Associations create culture that is normally obvious in explicit format of work space, example of dress, styles of authority, styles of capacities and gatherings, discussing bearing and nature of association, and perspectives about the hierarchical jobs, objectives and crucial presence. These viewpoints are accomplished with the assistance of powerful correspondence inside the association (Graham 2005, p. 40). Culture of an association might be communicated through both verbal and non verbal correspondence among the gatherings in the association. Associations that build up a typical cul ture for its representatives comprehend the job of social decent variety of its workers and accomplish its goals. In the idea of hierarchical conduct, supervisors are accused of the duty of guaranteeing that the perspectives and view of representatives are comprehended and consolidated in everyday administration of the business. Administrators can possibly comprehend their workers in the event that they initially conceptualize their social convictions, standards, customs, and mentalities. A few representatives feel propelled on the off chance that they are associated with dynamic and their recommendations considered in the association. This can be adequately done where the job of correspondence is underlined and social assorted variety inside the association is caught. This presents the idea of culturally diverse correspondence

Les Miserables Essay Example

Les Miserables Essay Les Miserables is an epic story of the extremely poor in soul and body who endure all through their lives.Set in nineteenth century France, it recounts to the tale of Jean Valjean, an ex-convict, who can reconstruct his life.Author Kathryn M. Grossman finishes up, Les Miserables is a work to which one can return over and over without a feeling of having depleted the possibilities.Like its multifaceted legend, it very well may be seen from various points of view each improving the othersOne of the conceivable outcomes Ms. Grossman exposed was the way of thinking associated with this story.Victor Hugo, the creator of Les Miserables, shows a solid feeling of humanistic and philosophical convictions in the novel through his multifaceted saint, Jean Valjean. Jean Valjean, Hugos principle hero, is a prime case of humanism at its most extreme.Valjean isfirst blamed for wrongdoing when he takes a portion of bread, attempting to help his sisters destitute family.After being a kitchen slave an d a convict for a long time, he carries himself once again into society with the assistance of Bishop Myriel.When all other dismiss Valjean at their entryways, Myriel gives a chance to the convict to start another life, giving him the candles for which Valjean can get money.Forget not, always remember that you have guaranteed me to utilize this silver to turn into a legit man, (39) Myriel said to Valjean, an untouchable of society.This proclamation mirrors the idea of Myriels liberality and his desire for Valjeans reform.Although he is a godly man, he accepts that Jean Valjean includes goodness inside him that can expose him and elegance of the Lord.In the accompanying section, Valjean sneaks from his guarantee when he takes a forty-sous piece from Petit Gervais, who is another hopeless, like Valjean.Upon perceiving the appalling young man was in an existence of neediness, much as himself, guil

What Is Term Paper Writing?

What Is Term Paper Writing?What is term paper writing? What is the difference between term paper writing and non-term paper writing? This is a common question, and the answer depends on the person asking. Term paper writing is an academic writing style that was developed to replace many other styles.Term paper writing is commonly used as an assessment style for students. Students who have less written work to do are given an opportunity to put their work on paper and turn it in to a form. This type of writing provides students with a unique form of evaluation because of the short space of time that it takes to complete.The purpose of term paper writing is to help students who lack the skills to do more detailed research or who do not have the knowledge to write a complex essay. It also helps teachers see what their students have learned and what they need to work on.Some people find term paper writing boring, but this is not the case. Often, students who are used to more detailed ass essments are shocked at the same lack of depth of term paper writing. What most of these students learn is that their level of knowledge has been further broken down into a format that can be easily re-read over again.If you think about it, the first impression of a term paper will be the same as the first impression of an assignment to work on at home. Students must realize that they are writing an assignment for a purpose and that the content is important.In conclusion, term paper writing is a unique style that was developed for an academic institution that is rapidly changing. Term paper writing is still being used today, although some may feel that this style is outdated. Today, students are also asked to write essays and take examinations.Term paper writing is used by both students and professors, so if you are looking for a style that is easy to learn and can be applied in just about any situation, this style might be the way to go. It is not common for a student to be asked t o do the same assignment as someone else, so this is a benefit for most students. These are all benefits that the students are going to enjoy as they continue to use this style of writing.

Physician Assisted Suicide, When Is It Acceptable

Physician-Assisted Suicide, When is it acceptable? Assisted suicide had raised issues of great importance in the society particularly the most controversial of all, the physician assisted suicide in the health care field. Since Oregon and other states implemented the legalization of physician assisted suicide, the debates continues. The U.S. Supreme Court decisions in 1997 and the Pain Relief Promotion Act of 2000 (H.R. 5544) have kept these topics on the policy of the national agenda, along with constant patient fears and worries about the meagerness of end-of-life health care. Despite with all the issues and concerns about physician assisted suicide, what is physician-assisted suicide? Physician-assisted suicide involves a physician in both or one of the following roles: (1) providing the patient with information about how to commit suicide in an effective manner and (2) providing the means necessary for effective suicide in both or one of the following roles. It involves the participation of a physician in providing, but not directly administering. This usually means taking a lethal dosage of medication prescribed by a physician. Physician-assisted suicide is also identifiable from euthanasia. It does not mean the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining medical care that is based on patient’s refusal of treatment but rather the physician is involve in a patient where they want to end their own life . According to Beauchamp and Childress, in order for aShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Surrounding Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is the practice in which a doctor prescribes a terminally ill patient with a lethal medication as a form of active, voluntary euthanasia. These patients, rather than suffer slowly and painfully, often request this procedure as a means of experiencing a more â€Å"dignified† death. 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The Land of Labor and Luck Essay - 3027 Words

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Richmond vs. Virginia Essay Example For Students

Richmond vs. Virginia Essay Richmond vs. New OrleansRecently I was thinking about how I live two different lives. My one life is the main one, where I live in New Orleans, LOISUANNA, and go to a Community College. I have my circle of friends and my girlfriend, but I always feel like something is missing. My other life resides in Richmond, VA. I have no idea how my mom found the place, but she did. I have been going to Richmond since I was very young. I grew up with most of the kids in town and consider those guys my family. There is only one street light in the whole town and nothing, but trees, mountains, rivers, and lakes. I always find myself contrasting my two lives and wishing I could have them both. In New Orleans, where I have lived for four years, I have a lot of friends, but cant help notice the difference in the way people in Louisiana are compared to Virginia. People in Louisiana are all about their materials. What they have, what kind of car they drive, and how big the wardrobe is. I even find myself competing to look the best and have the fastest ride, but the people in Virginia are not materialistic at all. They dont have any Burberry purses or 12 pairs of Nike Air Force Ones. All they care about is having fun and going to work. Richmond also feels like a bubble in comparison to New Orleans. By that I mean Richmond doesnt have any hardcore drugs, thieves of the night, or crazy police. The town has about 2 police officers and that is more than enough. Since it is a small town everyone knows everybody and when a bad seed pops up, that person is usually exiled from the town. The kids there are so naive, because they have really never been to a city, but once ore twice. They dont see any bad people in the town and they rarely have had any encounters with them. My friends in New Orleans are the complete opposite. Most of them are scam proof and dont fall for any tricks. They are tough and have had to deal with bad people all their lives. In city-life I find there isnt as much loyalty to each other as in a small town. Most people in a city are usually looking out for themselves and people they care about and usually nothing else matters. People in Richmond go out of their way to help you even if the dont know you. For example, when I broke down on the highway in my car I called a tow truck to tow it, but I noticed not one person asked if I needed help, a cell phone, or a lift. When I was in Richmond and broke down in my Jeep people I didnt even know the guy who came up to VA, asked if I needed help, offered a ride, and even opened the hood and try to fix the engine. Dont get VA wrong by reading this essay, I dont think everyone in Louisiana is horrible and everyone in Virginia is perfect I just am illustrating on things I see. They both have their perks and downfalls. If I was asked though where I would rather live I would definitely say Richmond, VA, where I basically grew up.

The Conception That Lesbians And Gay Men May Be Parents Is Frequently

The conception that lesbians and gay men may be parents is frequently perceived in today's society as impossible or immoral. Gay men and lesbians are often viewed as excluded from having children because sexual reproduction is related to men and women only. My approach to this uniquely controversial topic of gay parenting will be that of attempting to analyze the Pro side first. Gays and lesbians are human too and who is to say that they don't deserve equal rights in society. Society has to realize that the modern family has developed into many different forms in recent years in that the "nuclear family" is not necessarily the most common form anymore. Then I will attempt to analyze the Con side which expresses the fact that two people of the same sex should not be raising and rearing children together. Many believe that if the couple is unable to produce children together, then they shouldn't be raising them as parents. Children need a balance in their lives and different sexed parents can provide that balance efficiently. Each parent (mom or dad) socializes the child differently and the child needs to be introduced to both worlds. I will then proceed to critique both sides on strengths and weaknesses, based on facts, studies, and my own opinion, and then draw some of my own conclusions on this controversial topic of Gay Parenting. Pro Position There is no valid reason for refusing to call lesbian and gay headed household families. They fall under every conceivable criterion for identifying families and the concept of a Family. "They are groups of coresident kin providing jointly through income-pooling for eachothers need of food and shelter. They socialize children, engage in emotional and physical support, and make up part of a larger kin network". (O' Brien and Weir, 128). There are also many homophobic ( the irrational fear or hatred of homosexuality or gay people, Biery 88) individuals in today's society who are the main cause of negative stereotypes against lesbians and gay parents. These negative stereotypes all prove to be untrue and irrational, revealing that gay and lesbian parents could be equally as fit to straight parents. The accusation that majority of gay men are child molesters has been rejected in that the overwhelming majority of child sexual abusers area heterosexual men, who abuse both boys and girls. The fear that children of lesbian and gay parents will become lesbian or gay is irrational in that studies show that the sexual orientation of the parents has no effect whatsoever on sexual orientation of youths. The concern that the children of gay and lesbian headed families will not develop so called appropriate gender identity or gender behaviour has been introduced. This was proved incorrect in that when comparing children of gay parents to children of straight parents, there was no significant difference in these two areas. The last stereotype involving the fear that emotional damage will effect the child due to coping with the issue of having lesbian or gay parents. Once again this was proved to be false and the general psychological well being of children in gay and lesbian households matches that of children of heterosexual parent households. (O' Brien and Weir, 129). These common stereotypes heard frequently in today's society have all been proved incorrect and ignorant. Therefore they illustrate that gay and lesbian parents are continually stereotyped against unfairly and unjustly. Lesbians and gay men are popularly and commonly thought of by society to have a negative influence on children. This places an enormous strain and great pressure on lesbian and gay headed families, which is totally unnecessary. "When we assume male-headed nuclear families to be central units of kinship, and all alternative patterns to be extensions or exceptions, we accept as aspect of cultural hegemony instead of studying it. In the process, we miss the contested domain in which symbolic innovation may occur. Even continuity may be the result of innovation". (Weston, 145). This is a very powerful statement in that it reinforces the argument that lesbian and gay families are overlooked in society as even being a family unit. Society must come to realize that every family, not just gay headed families, experience problems in their homes. An article which depicts some

Free Essays on Stone Hendge

Stone Henge One Of ManyWonder Stonehenge is hailed as one of the seven wonders of the world. But why is it called a â€Å"wonder† ? With science so advanced as to being able to clone mammals, one would thing their would be rarely any discoveries left to be made. However Stonehenge is shrouded in nothing more than merely theories and guesses based on little or no fact. Being that we do know very little, You have yo ask yourself a few questions. What was the purpose of Stonehenge being built, and that being said how was it constructed. There are thousands of ideas and speculations. The more likely correct and accepted theories may just surprise you. As you know, there has not been even one major structure built in the future nor the past that was ever completed by one man alone. Like Stonehenge they were major undertakings involving many people with many skills. Those who made Stonehenge succeeded in creating an incredibly complex and mysterious structure that lived on long after its creators had passed on. The many aspects of Stonehenge and the processes by which it was built delve into the levels of intelligence and sophistication of the civilizations used to designed and build massive the monument, despite the fact that it is difficult to find out who exactly these people were. They have left very little evidence behind with which we could get a better idea of their everyday lives, their culture, their surroundings, and their affairs with other peoples. The technology and wisdom that are inevitably required in constructing such a monument show that these prehistoric peoples had had more expertise than expected. The planning and assembling of Stonehenge took a very long time ( 1000 years, from 2900 B.C. to 1600 B.C.), and not one but many different groups of people were involved in the process. How they came about plays an important role in understanding them. Some of the first men ... Free Essays on Stone Hendge Free Essays on Stone Hendge Stone Henge One Of ManyWonder Stonehenge is hailed as one of the seven wonders of the world. But why is it called a â€Å"wonder† ? With science so advanced as to being able to clone mammals, one would thing their would be rarely any discoveries left to be made. However Stonehenge is shrouded in nothing more than merely theories and guesses based on little or no fact. Being that we do know very little, You have yo ask yourself a few questions. What was the purpose of Stonehenge being built, and that being said how was it constructed. There are thousands of ideas and speculations. The more likely correct and accepted theories may just surprise you. As you know, there has not been even one major structure built in the future nor the past that was ever completed by one man alone. Like Stonehenge they were major undertakings involving many people with many skills. Those who made Stonehenge succeeded in creating an incredibly complex and mysterious structure that lived on long after its creators had passed on. The many aspects of Stonehenge and the processes by which it was built delve into the levels of intelligence and sophistication of the civilizations used to designed and build massive the monument, despite the fact that it is difficult to find out who exactly these people were. They have left very little evidence behind with which we could get a better idea of their everyday lives, their culture, their surroundings, and their affairs with other peoples. The technology and wisdom that are inevitably required in constructing such a monument show that these prehistoric peoples had had more expertise than expected. The planning and assembling of Stonehenge took a very long time ( 1000 years, from 2900 B.C. to 1600 B.C.), and not one but many different groups of people were involved in the process. How they came about plays an important role in understanding them. Some of the first men ...

Canadian Business and the Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Canadian Business and the Law - Assignment Example 1. Human resources Pre-employment screening Most companies carry out pre-employment screening before employing a potential applicant. During the process, the employer examines and analyzes an applicant’s background to screen and justify the accuracy of the information provided. However, Seneca College in Toronto has been accused of failing to conduct pre-employment screening on some job applicants. For instance, the company does not look into relevant information and qualification of the job application (Smith & Hodges, 2009). The recruitment department must not fall into discriminating directly or indirectly potential candidates during the whole process of recruitment and selection. Management contract An institution will be considered the best if it has met the pre-qualification conditions and it offers the best cost, which in this case will be the lowest cost. Under the law, an institution is a legal person and hence a separate legal entity from the owner. If there is breac h of the contract, then the person to be sued is the company but not the owners. If after the execution of the contract Jerry wants to sell the company, there is no legal barrier restricting him from selling the company. The custom transportation company will not seize to exist after the departure of Jerry. The new management can be sued on behalf of the company, and they should make any corrections after the completion of the contract. In a contract setting, the person offering the contract is left with retention money, which can be used in case a fault in work done is discovered after execution of contract. In a contract, the ethical behavior is right of lien for both the contractor and the contracted. The commission has a right to stay with the retention money if the company does not do the work correctly and use it to pay another contractor who will do the part not done well (Smith & Hodges, 2009). Contract laws emphasis the fact that agreements made between or among parties in a transaction must be honored. This has mechanisms in place to ensure that parties uphold their terms of agreement thought the transaction session. These laws protect mostly those transactions that are long term in nature. For example, an infrastructure contract between a company and the government. Such contract may span for several years, which qualifies the need for mechanisms to be put in place to guide both parties during work progress until it is completed. Violation of any of these terms by any of the trading partners means that a contract law has been broken and this necessitates a further step from the affected partner. Contract laws give a contracting partner the constitutional right to know if the other partner is credit worthy. This factor plays a role in preventing future payment disputes in case of defaults from any of the parties. This law ensures that there are mechanism and measures, which are in place to enable debt recovery in circumstances of payment defaults. Th is may apply to scenarios where payments are made through cheques that bounce. Contract law empowers the courts to collect debts if such scenarios of payment default arise. Seneca College might face legal risks in contract management since its contracts lacks the above information (Smith & Hodges, 2009). 2. Student services Admissions Seneca College needs to handle the issue of student admission because it enrolls students from local area and discriminate other places. The College

Linguistic analysis of Gypsie's (ROMANI) dialect of Cyprus (I WOULD Research Paper

Linguistic analysis of Gypsie's (ROMANI) dialect of Cyprus (I WOULD LIKE ONLY A PROPOSAL) - Research Paper Example Romani is a phenomenon of Indic language - the only one - spoken without interruption in Europe since medieval times (Gray 2003). Academic and ethnic studies have largely ignored the existence of this enclave: a glaring omission of which linguistic analysis is urgently required. This Cyprian pocket of Gypsies merits analysis and accurate recording, or the language of such a small and scattered population runs the risk of complete extinction within a few generations (Williams 2000). A detailed study will attempt to discover salient adaptations of this special dialect, and which linguistic system: morphological, phonological, lexical, or syntactical, carries the highest proportion of detectable loan adaptations. The lexical miscellany that survives does evolve, and therefore requires documentation (Trimiklitios 2008). Analysis is needed of certain terms and structures, as in this example: A project currently under way at Manchester University in England has the Romani language, its Indo-Aryan origins and history, and the diaspora of its speakers, under a magnifying glass. It studies ‘place, mobility and dialect differentiation of the Romani people’, exploring the linguistic features and their distribution in geographical space (Matras 2009), using interviews and custom software. Readings of this study and others like it will be invaluable: firstly to discern any mention of the Cypriot Kurbet, and then to understand different methodologies and styles of inquiry. It will provide an excellent launching point, show what already has been discovered and what problems solved, and help decision-making. It has already resolved matters of geneaolgy and culture. Starting with a similar foray into the history and culture of the Cypriot Kurbet, this proposal for research will deepen into an examination of the linguistic shifts and the reasons behind them, with the primary intention of setting up a lexicon of record. The plan is to carry out a

The Virgin of Guadalupe Essay Example for Free

The Virgin of Guadalupe Essay It was clear to me that the Virgin of Guadalupe is a powerful cultural symbol of Mexican identity and nationhood. In colonial times the Virgin of Guadalupe was interpreted as a native, loving and forgiving mother, the intercessor to God the Father and his son, Jesus Christ. Today Guadalupe has been reinterpreted as an empowering symbol of liberation and action rather than as female passivity. In contemporary society the populist appeal of the image cuts across all sectors of Mexican life, and her image is displayed not only in churches, but can also be seen in taxis, buses, on tee-shirts, amulets and as tattoos. Chicano and other Latino societies helped establish the Virgin of Guadalupe as an archetypal emblem of mestizaje. Criollos interpreted Marys appearance that Mexico was a favored city. From reading I learned that the origin of the importance of the Virgin of Guadalupe can be traced back to the religious beliefs and ceremonies that animated the daily lives of pre-Hispanic people from birth to death. Even though the Spanish conquest imposed Christianity and colonialism on the original populations, the Catholic Church allowedsome say even encouragedthe association between specific locations and Aztec deities as a means to effect an easier transition from native religions to Christianity, resulting in the introduction of localized patron saints. Worship of the Virgin Mary was encouraged through a variety of manifestations, such as the Virgin of Remedios and the Immaculate Conception. After the conquest, the church destroyed shrines to indigenous gods and goddesses, and tried to stamp out the cult of Tonantzin, an Aztec virgin deity. Since manifestations of the Virgin had encouraged the conquistadors, many images of the Virgin Mary had made their way to the New World. Indians, mestizos, and criollos lent new meanings to the cult of the Virgin Mary. The devotion to the Virgin of Guadalupe is a syncretic manifestation of Catholic and Aztec beliefs. The Virgin of Guadalupe continued to play an increasingly important role in the development of Mexican national identity. The criollos interpreted her appearance as a legitimization of their national aspirations and propagated the cult as part of a plan to build New Spain in Mexico. The campaign to legitimize the Virgin of Guadalupe began in 1648 with Miguel Sanchezs book which argued that Guadalupe was authentically American, emphasizing her appearance to a poor, humble native and stressing the Virgins use of Nahuatl to address Juan Diego. Sor Juana Inez de la Cruz wrote one known sonnet to the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1680, published in 1729, which retells the story of the apparition and reinforces Marys function as protectress of the Americas in her role as la Rosa Mejicana. A symbol of popular religiosity and a feminine metaphor in the comprehension of the divine, The Virgin of Guadalupe continues to convey a paradoxical message that can be manipulated for political purposes.

College Admissions Essays - Something Daring and New -- College Admiss

College Admissions Essays - Something Daring and New Think about something you never did in high school but wish you had done. Now imagine your time at college. Propose taking up something daring and new, and describe how it might affect your life. For years I have harbored a secret desire to become a cheese aficionado. This is not entirely arbitrary. Cheese, as an independent entity outside of any broader alimentary context, is at once worldly and whimsical. It provides the ideal complement to that side of my personality which has historically been dominant. My experiences have been largely rooted in the world of the abstract and the intellectual. Mathematics, music, writing, and the like have given me a certain sense of detachment from reality. While I have historically enjoyed this detachment, there is always a desire to diversify. Eating cheese is a direct immersion in the world of the senses, where things are taken at face value. You don’t analyze cheese, you just eat it — a refreshingly simple outlook on life. At the same time, cheese offers the oppo...

Csr of Ibm

A report on Corporate Social Responsibility of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) SUBMITTED TO Rabeya Sultana, Assistant Professor, Department Of MIS, University of Dhaka SUBMITTED BY Akibul Kowser Pahlowan Student ID: 61222-15-055 Summer Semester 2012 Department of MIS. University of Dhaka. Candidate’s DeclarationI certify that the report entitled â€Å"A report on Corporate Social Responsibility of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)† submitted as a term paper of the course Introduction of Business is the result of my own research, except where otherwise acknowledged and this project report in whole or in part has not been submitted for an award including a higher degree, to any other University or institution. Name: Akibul Kowser Pahlowan Signature: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION| 4| 2. What is corporate social responsibility? | 5| 3. Company Profile:| 6| 4. Case Study:| 7| . Other Example of CSR Activities of IBM:| 8| 6. Why IBM involved with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? | 8| 7. Why IBM involved with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? | 9| 8. Conclusion:| 9| INTRODUCTION : Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is becoming an increasingly important activity to businesses nationally and internationally. As globalization accelerates and large corporations serve as global providers, these corporations have progressively recognized the benefits of providing CSR programs in their various locations. CSR activities are now being undertaken throughout the globe.Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the responsibility of an organization for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society, the environment and its own prosperity, known as the â€Å"triple bottom line† of people, planet, and profit. Not only do responsible, sustainable and transparent  approach es help build brand and reputation, they help strengthen the community and therefore the marketplace. A solid business plan, embedded into the business culture, reflecting organizational values and objectives through strategic CSR application, will help to build a sustainable and profitable future for all.What is corporate social responsibility? The term is often used interchangeably for other terms such as Corporate Citizenship and is also linked to the concept of Triple Bottom Line Reporting (TBL), which is used as a framework for measuring an organization’s performance against economic, social and environmental parameters. The rationale for CSR has been articulated in a number of ways. In essence it is about building sustainable businesses, which need healthy economies, markets and communities. The key drivers for CSR are1:Enlightened self-interest -creating a synergy of ethics, a cohesive society and a sustainable global economy where markets, labor and communities are ab le to function well together. Social investment – contributing to physical infrastructure and social capital is increasingly seen as a necessary part of doing business. Transparency and trust – business has low ratings of trust in public perception. There is increasing expectation that companies will be more open, more accountable and be prepared to report publicly on their performance in social and environmental arenas.Increased public expectations of business – globally companies are expected to do more than merely provide jobs and contribute to the economy through taxes and employment. † Company Profile: IBM is the world's largest information technology company. It is a leader in developing computer servers, software, storage devices and microchips. It also fields a large business consulting division. The company has operations in more than 60 countries. It has a major presence in New York with headquarters in Armonk, research facility in Yorktown Heigh ts, and a massive chip-making facility in Fishkill.IBM is a world leader in research and development and number of corporate patents received annually. The company was founded in 1911 as the Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation through a merger of three companies: the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, and the Computing Scale Corporation. CTR adopted the name International Business Machines in 1924, using a name previously designated to CTR's subsidiary in Canada and later South America. Its distinctive culture and product branding has given it the nickname Big Blue.In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the #2 largest U. S. firm in terms of number of employees (433,362), the #4 largest in terms of market capitalization, the #9 most profitable, and the #19 largest firm in terms of revenue. Globally, the company was ranked the #31 largest in terms of revenue by Forbes for 2011. Other rankings for 2011/2012 include #1 company for leaders (Fortune), #1 gre en company worldwide (Newsweek), #2 best global brand (Interbrand), #2 most respected company (Barron's), #5 most admired company (Fortune), and #18 most innovative company (Fast Company).IBM holds more patents than any other U. S. -based technology company, and has nine research laboratories worldwide. Its employees have garnered five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, nine National Medals of Technology, and five National Medals of Science. Famous inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, SABRE airline reservation system, DRAM, and Watson artificial intelligence. The company has undergone several organizational hanges since its inception, acquiring companies like SPSS (2009) and PwC consulting (2002), spinning off companies like Lexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like ThinkPad to Lenovo (2005). Case Study: IBM an d Thai Red Cross Strike Socially Responsible HIV Partnership. In 2010 2. 7 million became infected with HIV, bringing the total tally to 34 million HIV positive people in the world. Despite the fact that medication to treat the condition has increased the life expectancy of those infected with the virus and delayed the onset of AIDS, the best way to fight the problem is avoiding infection in the first place.Thailand is seen as success story in terms of policies to stop the spread of the virus. During the 1990s the government introduced a comprehensive program that resulted in a reduction of visits to commercial sex workers, made condoms popular and reduced the spread of other sexually transmitted diseases. As a consequence, infection figures dropped from 143,000 in 1991 to 19,000 in 2003. Currently, just over 500,000 people live with HIV in that country while new infections stand at around 16,000 per year.The latest step in the fight against HIV in Thailand is an agreement between t he Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center and IBM. The socially responsible deal is part of a drive to make Bangkok a zero HIV infection city by 2015. IBM will be donating its business analytics software and technology expertise to enable TRCARC to design more effective intervention strategies to help end the spread of HIV/AIDS. The partnership is part of a wider global move to end HIV infections called Getting to Zero, which was launched by UNAIDS.The objective of the campaign is not only to stop new HIV infections, but also to fight discrimination against people living with the virus. â€Å"HIV infection is one of the most serious public health threats Thailand is facing. Unfortunately, only 40 per cent of the HIV infected population knows they are living with the HIV or AIDS and gets access to antiretroviral treatment services. This situation results in continuing spread of the life-threatening virus and new infections are rising every year,† said TRCARC's director, Professor Emeritus Praphan Phanuphak.IBM's software will enable the center to access information and share outputs with collaborating agencies such as the Department of Disease Control and Ministry of Public Health, which will then be able to strengthen HIV prevention efforts. Previous campaigns to prevent and deal with HIV cases were hampered by the use of outdated information. IBM's software will help researchers make more informed decisions and will help staff share knowledge and skills.One of the key aspects of the software is that it creates an online behavioural survey with high-risk groups, which can be used as the basis for a database. The IBM DB2 database software makes data retrieval time a lot faster, reducing it from two months to five minutes. It can also develop advanced, fully automated reporting with the use of IBM Cognos business intelligence software that enables better analytics and reporting of behavioral records associated with people with high risk of infection.Other fe atures include table and maps to help staff make better decisions and implement more effective strategies based on real-time analysis. Elsewhere IBM is also lending its expertise to HIV drug research. The company's World Community Grid, a network that provides researchers with the spare computing power of two-million PCs owned by 600,000 individuals and organizations, has enabled the Scripps Research Institute to discover two new compounds that could lead to medicines for those infected with HIV. Other Example of CSR Activities of IBM: Creating innovation that matters for the world:The primary focus of IBMs corporate citizenship activities is on developing initiatives to address specific societal issues, such as the environment, community economic development, education , health, literacy, language and culture. We employ IBM’s most valuable resources, our technology and talent, in order to create innovative programs in these areas to assist cities and communities around the w orld. For example, IBMs Corporate Service Corps program annually deploys teams of selected high potential employees to emerging regions to work with government, nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations on critical local projects.Since the program began in 2008, nearly 300 IBMers from 44 countries have been placed on 29 teams in 9 countries: Brazil, China, Ghana, Malaysia, the Philippines, Romania, Tanzania, Turkey and Vietnam. Teams have completed projects around water quality, disaster preparedness and project management. Our World Community Grid initiative utilizes grid and cloud computing technologies to harness the tremendous power of idle computers to perform specific computations related to critical research around complex biological, environmental and health-related issues.Another example of IBMs citizenship activities is On Demand Community, our employee volunteer initiative. Since its inception in 2003, over 140,000 employees and retirees have registered and per-formed o ver 9 million hours of volunteer service around the world. In a study of the program published by the Points of Light Foundation, On Demand Community is identified as the archetypical model for a new approach to corporate community involvement, calling it a â€Å"model without peer. † â€Å"When the tsunami and earthquake struck Asia, IBM didn’t just cut a check for relief funds and call it a day.The company used its techno-logical expertise and skilled people to create what government and relief agencies could not: information systems to effectively track relief supplies and reunite families,† said Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Ernest L. Arbuckle Professor at Harvard Business School, in her book, SuperCorp. Why IBM involved with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? A key driver for IBM’s approach to CSR is the need to maintain its market position in a changing business environment. IBM recognises that CSR benefits the company’s business by helping enhan ce a company’s reputation so increasing its brand value.Further benefit from CSR comes from demonstrating thought leadership. For IBM thought leadership includes being recognised as contributing to shaping the agenda of policy and practice outside of the company, whereby IBM is recognised for both great products and great ideas. The people at IBM are persuaded that CSR helps drive shareholder value. Businesses that get CSR right â€Å"will have a significant advantage attracting investors, talent and customers, developing new products and services, and gaining access to new markets and new opportunities.It also will help them improve operational efficiency and reduce costs, and meet regulatory requirements, which can allow them to qualify for incentives and avoid penalties† Conclusion: IBM has been a leader in corporate social responsibility for nearly 100 years, contributing technology, talent and cash to nonprofit organizations and educational institutions around the world. Our activities are designed to help people to become smarter, and to develop future leaders capable of improving the quality of life for themselves and in the cities where they live—making for a smarter planet.

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith - 972 Words

The setting changes while Francie continues to mature into a woman. She becomes 16, and is beginning to lead a life of her own. The family leaves the grieving they had for Johnny behind. Not only does Francie start out with a clean slate, so does the rest of the Nolan family. After the two and  ½ years of mourning for Johnny, Sergeant Mc Shane asks Katie to marry him. War rages through the country. While he and Katie make arrangements for the fall wedding and gifts of money and whatnot, Francie makes headway in her personal life. In college, a handsome young lad holding the name Ben Blake, seems to fancy Francie as they go on various study dates. He helps her cram for college entrance exams. Though she fails the first time, she later tries again and gets accepted into Michigan University that Ben chose for her to apply. Meanwhile, Katie receives a gift of $1,000.00 from Mc Shane, which she later uses for Francie’s college money, and a gift to Evy- $200.00. Laurie Nolan gets her last name changed to Mc Shane. The Nolans move from their humble apartment flat to the rich Mc Shane house. Neeley grows older and Francie can’t help but notice he is so alike to Johnny. When the Nolans are finished moving, Francie says goodbye to all the places she once treasured; Carney’s where she hauled junk, Cheap Charlie’s, where she tried to win prizes but never got any, Mcgaritty’s saloon, and the library. Lastly, she sees Florry Wendy in her fire escape, reading and watching the streetsShow MoreRelatedA Tree Grows in Brooklyn Paper901 Words   |  4 PagesI. Intro paragraph a. Hook: In the Irish American community of Brooklyn in the 1900’s, immigrants faced discrimination and crushing poverty b. In the world that Betty Smith describes in â€Å"A Tree Grows in Brooklyn† however, this poverty is depicted as a kind of virtue, a force that causes individuals to grow, and families to bond c. 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The protagonist, Francie Nolan, undergoes a self-discovery as she strives to mature living in the Brooklyn slum despite its poverty and privation. Thus, Smith s thematic treatment of the struggle of maturity has become for the reader an exploration of loneliness, family relationships, the loss of innocence, and death and di sease. One of theRead MoreLoss of Innocence in Francie Nolan Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn Betty Smiths A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Francie Nolan and her family struggle with many economical and emotional hardships in Brooklyn in the early 1900s. Her mother, Katie, and her father, Johnny, marry and have children at an extremely young age, causing their familys fate to be doomed right from the start. Francie, the older of the two children, has her mothers hard-work ethic, and her fathers sentimentality and imagination. Through Francies fear, humiliation, compassion, sorrow, prideRead MoreEmpathy Is The True Catalyst For Understanding1419 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding more about culture--especially Hispanic cultures. When I was ten, my mother gave me a copy of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith which recounts the history of Francie Nolan, a child of Irish immigrants, growing up in New York at the turn of the century. I can’t count the number of times that I have read this book. I love the historical detail about Francie’s life which is based off of Betty Smith’s personal experiences. However, after meeting my boyfriend’s family, I became acutely awareRead MoreMy Greatest Enemy Is The American Education System970 Words   |  4 Pageswho possesses these three qualities so I can finally have a fulfilling conversation. The closest things I have to passionate people are my books. Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, Jane Austen, Nicholas Kristof, Madeleine L’Engle, Rick Riordan, Harper Lee, Betty Smith, Lois Lowry, and so many more have enabled me to think beyond myself, to explore alien ideas, and to think creatively. I am jealous of all those who can create. They are able to explain themselves while I cannot. Often, I get trapped in my own mindRead MoreThe True Nature Of Human Nature In Mark Twain And The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer1609 Words   |  7 Pages Contrary to Austens’ belief, Mark Twain withâ€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer† shows a more optimistic view of human nature where the guilt and sense of sympathy are the driving emotions behind every action. Similarly, in the novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith identifies the empathy and duty as a primary cause for the kindness in each person. Every person is hardwired to be a social and inherently good person driven by the emotional consequences and personal experiences that one has facedRead MoreTom Sawyer Human Nature Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesContrary to Austen s’ belief, Mark Twain withâ€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer† shows a more optimistic view of human nature where the guilt and sense of sympathy are the driving emotions behind every action. Similarly, in the novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith identifies the empathy and duty as a primary cause for the kindness in each person. Every person is hardwired to be a social and inherently good person driven by the emotional consequences and personal experiences that one has facedRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesMountain by Thomas Mann (1924). Pather Panchali, by Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay (1929)[29] Gone with the Wind, by Margaret Mitchell (1936) Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston (1936) Native Son by Richard Wright (1940) A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith (1943) The Green Years by A. J. Cronin (1944) The Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger (1951)[30] The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (for plot character Eustace Scrubb) by C. S. Lewis (1952) Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (1952) In theRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesMountain Home Bryan Pesta, Cleveland State University Jeff Peterson, University of Washington Nanette Philibert, Missouri Southern State University Larry Phillips, Indiana University South Bend William Pinchuk, Rutgers University at Camden Eric Popkoff, Brooklyn College Paul Preston, University of Montevallo Scott Quatro, Grand Canyon University Aarti Ramaswami, Indiana University Bloomington Jere Ramsey, Cal Poly at San Luis Obispo Amy Randel, San Diego State University Anne Reilly, Loyola University Chicago